@article{ref1,
title="Injuries in pediatric patients with seatbelt contusions.<br />",
journal="American surgeon",
year="2003",
author="Campbell, D. J. and Sprouse, L. Richard and Smith, Lauren A. and Kelley, Joseph E. and Carr, Michael G.",
volume="69",
number="12",
pages="1095-1099",
abstract="Children restrained with lap belts may sustain  severe injuries. We investigated the frequency of each type of injury associated  with seatbelt contusions. The medical records of all trauma patients with ICD-9  codes for abdominal wall contusions from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001,  were reviewed. All patients with seatbelt contusions were included in the study.  Age, seat position, weight, restraint-type, sex, and mechanism of injury were  noted. There were 1447 admissions for trauma over the 3-year period. Forty-six  patients (ages 4-13) had a seatbelt contusion. Thirty-three wore lap belts, and  13 wore lap and shoulder harnesses. Twenty-two children required abdominal  exploration. Small bowel injuries were the most common intra-abdominal injuries.  Facial injuries were the most common associated injuries. Forty-eight per cent  of children with seatbelt contusions in our institution required surgery. The  smaller patients tend to have higher frequency of abdominal injuries. The  presence of seatbelt contusion indicates the possibility of severe internal  injuries.",
language="",
issn="0003-1348",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}