@article{ref1,
title="Hazardous substances events associated with the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products.<br />",
journal="Journal of hazardous materials",
year="2003",
author="Manassaram, Deana M. and Orr, Maureen F. and Kaye, W. E.",
volume="104",
number="1-3",
pages="123-135",
abstract="This report describes events involving the acute  release of hazardous substances reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency  Events Surveillance (HSEES) system for 1993-2000. HSEES, maintained by the  Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), collects data on the  industries/services associated with events. This analysis focuses on  fixed-facility events that occurred during the manufacturing of chemicals and  allied products (i.e. categorized according to the 1990 Industrial  Classification System (ICS) of the US Bureau of the Census). This is the most  frequently reported industry category in the surveillance system, with over  12000 events (28% of all events and 35% of fixed-facility events). Further  classification found that the majority (71%) of these events involved the  manufacturing of industrial and miscellaneous chemicals (ICS code 192), and 21%  plastics, synthetics, and resins (ICS code 180). A total of 2676 persons  reported injuries in 307 fixed-facility events. Most of the injured persons were  employees (42%), followed by the general public (38%), students (15%), and  responders (5%). Thirty-five percent of all injured persons and 46% of all  injured employees had respiratory symptoms. Releases frequently occurred in  processing vessels, and the majority was due to equipment failure. A review of  the data indicates that manufacturers of chemicals and allied products could  help reduce morbidity and mortality by taking preventive actions such as  performing regular maintenance of processing equipment, regular training of  employees and encouraging them to wear respiratory protection, and educating the  public on what to do in the event of a release from these  facilities.",
language="",
issn="0304-3894",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}