@article{ref1,
title="Rules and exemplars in categorization, identification, and recognition",
journal="Journal of experimental psychology: learning, memory, and cognition",
year="1989",
author="Nosofsky, R. M. and Clark, S. E. and Shin, H. J.",
volume="15",
number="2",
pages="282-304",
abstract="Subjects learned to classify perceptual stimuli varying along continuous, separable dimensions into rule-described categories. The categories were designed to contrast the predictions of a selective-attention exemplar model and a simple rule-based model formalizing an economy-of-description view. Converging evidence about categorization strategies was obtained by also collecting identification and recognition data and by manipulating strategies via instructions. In free-strategy conditions, the exemplar model generally provided an accurate quantitative account of identification, categorization, and recognition performance, and it allowed for the interrelationship of these paradigms within a unified framework. Analyses of individual subject data also provided some evidence for the use of rules, but in general, the rules seemed to have a great deal in common with exemplar storage processes. Classification and recognition performance for subjects given explicit instructions to use specific rules contrasted dramatically with performance in the free-strategy conditions and could not be predicted by the exemplar model.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0278-7393",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}