@article{ref1,
title="Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: an 8-year prospective study",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2009",
author="Krause, James S. and Zhai, Yusheng and Saunders, Lee L. and Carter, R. E.",
volume="90",
number="10",
pages="1708-1715",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a theoretical model for mortality after spinal cord injury (SCI) by sequentially analyzing 4 sets of risk factors in relation to mortality (ie, adding 1 set of factors to the regression equation at a time). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of data collected in late 1997 and early 1998 with mortality status ascertained in December 2005. We evaluated the significance of 4 successive sets of predictors (biographic and injury, psychologic and environmental, behavioral, health and secondary conditions) using Cox proportional hazards modeling and built a full model based on the optimal predictors. SETTING: A specialty hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Adults (N=1386) with traumatic SCI, at least 1 year postinjury, participated. There were 224 deaths. After eliminating cases with missing data, there were 1209 participants, with 179 deceased at follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality status was determined using the National Death Index and the Social Security Death Index. RESULTS: The final model included 1 environmental variable (poverty), 2 behavioral factors (prescription medication use, binge drinking), and 4 health factors or secondary conditions (hospitalizations, fractures/amputations, surgeries for pressure ulcers, probable major depression). CONCLUSIONS: The results supported the major premise of the theoretical model that risk factors are more important the more proximal they are in a theoretical chain of events leading to mortality. According to this model, mortality results from declining health, precipitated by high-risk behaviors. These findings may be used to target those who are at high risk for early mortality as well as to direct interventions to the particular risk factor.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.020",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.020"
}