@article{ref1,
title="Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients",
journal="American journal of psychiatry",
year="1990",
author="Beck, Aaron T. and Brown, Gregory and Berchick, R. J. and Stewart, B. L. and Steer, R. A.",
volume="147",
number="2",
pages="190-195",
abstract="A prospective study of 1,958 outpatients found that hopelessness, as measured by the Beck Hopelessness Scale, was significantly related to eventual suicide. A scale cutoff score of 9 or above identified 16 (94.2%) of the 17 patients who eventually committed suicide, thus replicating a previous study with hospitalized patients. The high-risk group identified by this cutoff score was 11 times more likely to commit suicide than the rest of the outpatients. The Beck Hopelessness Scale thus may be used as a sensitive indicator of suicide potential.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-953X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}