@article{ref1,
title="Self-esteem and depression. IV. Effect on course and recovery",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="1990",
author="Brown, G. W. and Bifulco, A. and Andrews, Ben",
volume="25",
number="5",
pages="244-249",
abstract="The present paper, the fourth and last in a series examining the role of self-esteem in depressive disorder in the general population, deals with recovery/improvement from a disorder at a case level. Both positive evaluation of self (PES) and absence of negative evaluation of self (NES) measured during a chronic episode are related to subsequent recovery or improvement. A causal effect is suggested since the measure adds over and above to that of environmental factors previously established to relate to recovery/improvement--the reduction of an ongoing difficulty or fresh-start event. Positive evaluation of self was also related to recovery/improvement from subsequent onsets of case depression. In this instance, unlike that for the chronic conditions, self-esteem was measured outside the episode of depression. A causal effect was also suggested because it made an independent contribution vis-a-vis the effect of fresh-start events. Given the small size of the sample the study should be seen as an exploratory one.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}