@article{ref1,
title="Evaluation of wheelchair seating system crashworthiness: "drop hook"-type seat attachment hardware",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2001",
author="Bertocci, Gina and Ha, DongRan and Deemer, Ernest and Karg, P.",
volume="82",
number="4",
pages="534-540",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the crashworthiness of commercially available hardware that attaches seat surfaces to the wheelchair frame. DESIGN: A low cost static crashworthiness test procedure that simulates a frontal impact motor vehicle crash. SETTING: Safety testing laboratory. SPECIMENS: Eleven unique sets of drop-hook hardware made of carbon steel (4), stainless steel (4), and aluminum (3). INTERVENTIONS: Replicated seat-loading conditions associated with a 20g/48 kph frontal impact. Test criterion for seat loading was 16,680 N (3750 lb). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Failure load and deflection of seat surface. RESULTS: None of the hardware sets tested met the crashworthiness test criterion. All failed at less than 50% of the load that seating hardware could be exposed to in a 20g/48 kph frontal impact. The primary failure mode was excessive deformation, leading to an unstable seat support surface. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that commercially available seating drop hooks may be unable to withstand loading associated with a frontal crash and may not be the best option for use with transport wheelchairs.",
language="",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}