@article{ref1,
title="A cross-national meta-analysis of alcohol and injury: data from the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP)",
journal="Addiction",
year="2003",
author="Cherpitel, Cheryl J. and Bond, Jason C. and Ye, Yinjiao and Borges, Guilherme L. G. and MacDonald, Sheila and Giesbrecht, Norman",
volume="98",
number="9",
pages="1277-1286",
abstract="AIMS: To examine the relationship of acute alcohol consumption with an injury compared to a non-injury event in the emergency room across ERs in five countries. DESIGN: Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the consistency and magnitude of the association of a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of arrival in the ER and self-reported consumption within 6 hours prior to the event with admission to the ER for an injury compared to a non-injury, and the extent to which contextual (socio-cultural and organizational) variables explain effect sizes. FINDINGS: When controlling for age, gender and drinking five or more drinks on an occasion at least monthly, pooled effect size was significant and of a similar magnitude for both BAC and self-reported consumption, with those positive on either measure over half as likely again to be admitted to the ER with an injury compared to a medical problem. Effect sizes were found to be homogeneous across ERs for BAC, but not for self-report. Trauma center status and legal level of intoxication were positively predictive of self-reported consumption effect size on injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a moderate, but robust association of a positive BAC and self-report with admission to the ER with an injury, and that contextual variables also appear to play a role in the alcohol-injury nexus.",
language="",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}