@article{ref1,
title="Attempted suicide among heroin users: 12-month outcomes from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2005",
author="Darke, S. and Williamson, Ann and Ross, John and Teesson, Maree",
volume="78",
number="2",
pages="177-186",
abstract="A cohort of 495 heroin users, recruited for the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS), were re-interviewed at 12 months regarding suicide attempts over the follow-up period. The proportion who had attempted suicide in the 12 months since baseline was not significantly different from that reported in the 12 months preceding ATOS enrolment (12.2% versus 9.1%), and attempted suicide did not decline significantly in any of the index treatment groups. Among males, there was no significant reduction in attempted suicide (8.7% versus 8.1%). Among females, however, the proportion reporting an attempt declined significantly from 19.7 to 9.8%. Of those who reported suicidal ideation at baseline, 22.8% made an attempt over the follow-up period, as did 19.0% of those who had major depression. Large, and significant, declines in suicidal ideation (23.1% versus 6.9%) and major depression (25.5% versus 10.9%) occurred over the study period. Independent predictors of a suicide attempt over the follow-up period were: social isolation, having made an attempt in the preceding 12 months, suicidal ideation at baseline, a greater number of treatment episodes and higher levels of baseline polydrug use.",
language="",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.10.009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.10.009"
}