@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol consumption among vehicular occupants injured in crashes",
journal="Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research",
year="1984",
author="Soderstrom, Carl A. and Arias, J. D. and Carson, S. L. and Cowley, R. Adams",
volume="8",
number="3",
pages="269-271",
abstract="Admission blood alcohol levels (BAL) were obtained in 111 adult passenger/driver pairs injured in vehicular crashes. Drinking patterns were studied, including the influence of the sex of the occupants on alcohol consumption. Alcohol was not a factor in 44 of the crashes. In 48 of 62 crashes (77%), the driver was either the sole drinker or had a higher BAL than the passenger. In five crashes, the passenger was the only drinker. Female drivers were drinking 40% of the time, compared to 60% of male drivers. Overall, 77.4% of the drinking drivers had a BAL of greater than or equal to 100 mg/100 ml. When vehicular occupants were of the same sex, as opposed to both sexes, the drivers drank more frequently (62.9% vs. 43.9%). In 13 of 14 cases of a drinking male driver transporting a female passenger, the female passenger had not been drinking or had done so to a lesser degree. The data indicate that educational efforts should be directed at discouraging passengers from riding with drinking drivers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-6008",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}