@article{ref1,
title="Childhood adversities and adult depression: basic patterns of association in a US national survey",
journal="Psychological medicine",
year="1993",
author="Kessler, Ronald C. and Magee, W. J.",
volume="23",
number="3",
pages="679-690",
abstract="The long-term relationships between various forms of childhood adversity and adult episodes of major depression are explored in a representative household survey of the United States adult (age 25+) population. Seven of the eight childhood adversities considered are significantly associated with recent (12-month) episodes of depression. These effects are largely indirect consequences of some childhood adversities leading to a life history of depression and prior depression leading to new episodes. Only three of the eight childhood adversities directly affect recent onset or recurrence. The paper closes with a discussion of implications for future research on the long-term effects of childhood adversities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-2917",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}