@article{ref1,
title="Visual compromise of automobile drivers by frontal photo-flash in mesoptic conditions",
journal="Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde (1963)",
year="1993",
author="Schiefer, Ulrich and Rathmachers, B. and Schmid, E. W. and Aulhorn, E. and Zrenner, E.",
volume="202",
number="2",
pages="116-125",
abstract="The time for recovery of recognition of an optotype presented at a distance of 40 m subsequent to exposure to a flash gun (Eso company, Tettnang; flash energy 200 Ws, duration 1/1000 s; distance 10 m) was studied on 97 subjects aged 20 to 83 years. A Landolt-ring (contrast 1:5, diameter 29 cm), mounted on a disk (diameter 58 cm) which could be rotated in steps of 45 degrees served as a test target. The flash gun could be dimmed down by a red filter (Schott RG 665). The tests were performed at night without additional illumination except the low beam of the car. The flash gun was foveally fixated. After a white flash, a period of 93.1 s +/- 48.6 s (MEAN +/- SD) passed before the optotype could be recognized correctly again. By adding the red filter in front of the flash gun the recovery time could be shortened significantly (p < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test) to 4.9 s +/- 1.7 s. &quot;Time for re-adaptation&quot; after dazzling by red flash is comparatively short and therefore strongly influenced by many variables (e.g. time for recognition and for verbalization). Because of that a final evaluation of dazzling by red flash seems to be impossible with this method. Subjects of advanced age and opacities of the ocular media showed an increase in the &quot;time for re-adaptation&quot; for the white as well as the red flash. In conclusion, a speed control using white flash guns at night can be considered as critical.<p /> <p>Language: de</p>",
language="de",
issn="0023-2165",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}