@article{ref1,
title="Cervical spinal cord injury in children",
journal="Journal of Spinal Disorders",
year="1992",
author="Farley, Frances A. and Hensinger, R. N. and Herzenberg, J. E.",
volume="5",
number="4",
pages="410-416",
abstract="We examined 19 children under 10 years of age with cervical spinal cord injury using clinical records and radiographs. The children were divided into two groups: Eight had immediate and complete spinal cord injury, and 11 had incomplete or partial spinal cord injury. Those with complete spinal cord injury were injured in motor vehicle accidents with a proximal spinal cord injury. Eighty-eight percent had cervical spine fractures/instability with a distraction pattern of injury. Half had associated trauma. The mortality rate was 25%, and those who survived showed no neurologic improvement. Most of the children with partial spinal cord injury were injured at birth. Many had no radiographic evidence of cervical fracture. One-quarter had associated trauma. The neurologic improvement averaged 1.9 Frankel grades. Half of both groups required posterior cervical fusion, and there was a significant complication rate. Eight-eight percent developed scoliosis, and 71% developed hip subluxation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0895-0385",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}