@article{ref1,
title="Development of the athlete drinking scale",
journal="Psychology of addictive behaviors",
year="2005",
author="Martens, Matthew P. and Watson, Jessica C. and Royland, Elizabeth M. and Beck, Niels C.",
volume="19",
number="2",
pages="158-164",
abstract="Prior research has found that intercollegiate athletes consume more alcohol and experience more negative alcohol-related consequences than nonathletes, but no measure of sport-related reasons for alcohol use currently exists. The purpose of this study was to develop such a measure, which the authors termed the Athlete Drinking Scale (ADS). An exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of 3 subscales: Positive Reinforcement, Team/Group, and Sport-Related Stress. Additional analyses supported the internal consistency and construct validity of the subscales, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that the ADS accounted for a significant amount of variance in both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems among intercollegiate athletes. The ADS appears to be a promising tool for measuring sport-related reasons for intercollegiate athlete alcohol use.",
language="",
issn="0893-164X",
doi="10.1037/0893-164X.19.2.158",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.19.2.158"
}