@article{ref1,
title="Partisan Divide on War and the Economy",
journal="Journal of conflict resolution",
year="2009",
author="Fox, Gerald T.",
volume="53",
number="6",
pages="905-933",
abstract="This study examines the influence of 9/11, the Iraq War, the economy, and the coalition-of-minorities on presidential approval of USA president G. W. Bush across partisan subgroups and aggregate popularity. The analysis considers the effect of underlying partisan preferences on overall approval. A partisan divide occurs for war and the economy on Bush popularity. The events of 9/11 and the Iraq War affect Democratic opinions of Bush more than Republican opinions, whereas the economy impacts Republicans more than Democrats. An in-party/out-party rally effect occurs. Democrats show stronger rallies than Republicans for 9/11 and the Iraq War, but also faster and deeper popularity decay of the rallies. All economic and war-related effects significantly influence Independents and aggregate Bush popularity. The coalition-of-minorities pattern of declining presidential approval is caused by the 9/11 rally decay effect, the war casualties effect, and the slowing economy during Bush’s second term in office.<p />",
language="",
issn="0022-0027",
doi="10.1177/0022002709344418",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002709344418"
}