@article{ref1,
title="Habit(us), Body Techniques and Body Callusing: An Ethnography of Mixed Martial Arts",
journal="Body and society",
year="2009",
author="Spencer, Dale C.",
volume="15",
number="4",
pages="119-143",
abstract="This article explores the carnal dimensions of existence through ethnographic research in a mixed martial arts club. Mixed martial arts (MMA) is an emergent sport where competitors in a ring or cage utilize strikes (punches, kicks, elbows and knees) as well as submission techniques to defeat opponents. Through data gathered from in-depth interviews with MMA practitioners and participant observation in an MMA club, I elucidate the social processes that are integral to the production of an MMA fighter habitus. I examine how body techniques are learned and become attached to the identity of mixed martial arts fighters. Using Crossley’s concept of reflexive body techniques, I examine how MMA fighters engage in body callusing through use of reflexive body techniques thereby allowing them to withstand the rigors of the sport.<p />",
language="",
issn="1357-034X",
doi="10.1177/1357034X09347224",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034X09347224"
}