@article{ref1,
title="Driving under the influence: A review of the development of education countermeasures",
journal="Abstracts in alcohol and driving",
year="1980",
author="Lebel, Alexandre",
volume="",
number="9",
pages="-",
abstract="DUI (driving under the influence) educational countermeasures are part of a recent history (beginning in 1966 with the DWI (driving while intoxicated)-Phoenix Course) which is still evolving.  Efforts to evaluate the impact of these countermeasures over time have been complicated by a range of changing circumstance within and external to the alcohol and traffic safety control system. The findings of large-scale studies remain contradictory and largely inconclusive.  As often happens when education is perceived as a panacea, extravagant hopes to &quot;cure&quot; DUI behavior were initially raised too high.  The development of a systems approach (such as the Alcohol Safety Action Project concept) has placed educational countermeasures in a more realistic perspective as part of a complex network engaged in a coordinated effort to reduce highway accidents.  DUI countermeasures can also play a small but vital role in consensus building, essential to the development of support for responsible drinking and driving.  Program accountability and self-monitoring through evaluation can help to assure the continued effectiveness of these countermeasures.<p />",
language="en",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}