@article{ref1,
title="The Relative Health Burden of Selected Social and Behavioral Risk Factors in the United States: Implications for Policy",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2010",
author="Muennig, Peter and Fiscella, Kevin and Tancredi, Daniel and Franks, Peter",
volume="100",
number="9",
pages="1758-1764",
abstract="Objectives. We sought to quantify the potential health impact of selected medical and nonmedical policy changes within the United States.Methods. Using data from the 1997-2000 National Health Interview Surveys (linked to mortality data through 2002) and the 1996-2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, we calculated age-specific health-related quality-of-life scores and mortality probabilities for 8 social and behavioral risk factors. We then used Markov models to estimate the quality-adjusted life years lost. Results. Ranked quality-adjusted life years lost were income less than 200% of the poverty line versus 200% or greater (464 million; 95% confidence interval CI.=368, 564); current-smoker versus never-smoker (329 million; 95% CI=226, 382); body mass index 30 or higher versus 20 to less than 25 (205 million; 95% CI=159, 269); non-Hispanic Black versus non-Hispanic White (120 million; 95% CI=83, 163); and less than 12 years of school relative to 12 or more (74 million; 95% CI=52, 101). Binge drinking, overweight, and health insurance have relatively less influence on population health. Conclusions. Poverty, smoking, and high-school dropouts impose the greatest burden of disease in the United States.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.2009.165019",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.165019"
}