@article{ref1,
title="A Health Hazard Evaluation of Antimony Exposure in Fire Fighters",
journal="Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
year="2010",
author="de Perio, Marie A. and Durgam, Srinivas and Caldwell, Kathleen L. and Eisenberg, Judith",
volume="52",
number="1",
pages="81-84",
abstract="OBJECTIVES:: Some firefighter station uniforms contain the flame-retardant, antimony trioxide. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health investigated a possible outbreak of antimony toxicity wherein 30 firefighters reported elevated antimony levels on hair analyses. METHODS:: We surveyed and collected urine samples from firefighters not wearing (Fire Department A) and wearing (Fire Department B) antimony-containing pants. Urine antimony concentrations were measured and adjusted for creatinine. RESULTS:: All 20 participating firefighters from Fire Department A and 41 (97.6%) of 42 participating firefighters from Fire Department B had urine antimony concentrations below or within the national reference range. No differences in urine antimony levels between departments were detected. CONCLUSIONS:: Wearing antimony-containing uniforms does not pose a risk for antimony toxicity. This investigation highlights the importance of using validated methods for toxicity determination and of accurate, timely risk communication.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1076-2752",
doi="10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181c7514a",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181c7514a"
}