@article{ref1,
title="The Association of Alcohol Problems with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Psychological Hardiness and the Ways of Coping in Firefighters",
journal="Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association",
year="2009",
author="Kim, Jeong A. and Chung, Young Ki and Cho, Sun Mi and Kim, Shin-Yoon",
volume="48",
number="6",
pages="468-473",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between alcohol problems and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, psychological hardiness, and coping mechanisms in firefighters. METHODS: We conducted an e-mail survey of 131 firefighters who were working at the two fire department stations in Gyeonggido, receiving replies from 96. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Hardiness Scale, and The Ways of Coping Checklist were used to collect the data. We divided the subjects into three drinking groups per their AUDIT scores  : social, problem, and abuse drinking groups and compared PTSD symptoms, psychological hardiness, and coping strategies among the groups. RESULTS: Of the 96 firefighters, 73 (76.1%), 11 (11.4%), and 12 (11.4%) belonged to the social, problem, and abuse drinking groups, respectively. Control, one component of psychological hardiness, was significantly lower in the abuse drinking group. However, IES-R scores and four subscales of the Ways of Coping Checklist did not vary significantly among the groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest an approach focused on psychological hardiness should show a preventive effect with regard to firefighters' alcohol problems.",
language="",
issn="1015-4817",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}