@article{ref1,
title="Effects of 21 Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws on Alcohol-Related Driving in the United States",
journal="Transportation research circular",
year="2009",
author="McCartt, Anne Taylor and Hellinga, L and Kirley, B",
volume="",
number="E-C132",
pages="124-139",
abstract="Minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws underwent many changes during the 20th century in the United States. Since July 1988, the MLDA has been 21 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. A preponderance of evidence shows that MLDAs of 21 are an effective deterrent to underage drinking and driving and have reduced alcohol-related crashes among young drivers. Yet many underage people still drink, many drink and drive, and alcohol remains an important risk factor in serious crashes of young drivers, especially as they progress through the teenage years. Stepped-up enforcement of the MLDA and drinking and driving laws can reduce underage drinking. Recent efforts to lower MLDAs to 18 and issue licenses to drink upon completion of alcohol education have gained local and national media attention. There is no evidence that alcohol education can even partially replace the effect of the 21 MLDA.<p />",
language="",
issn="0097-8515",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}