@article{ref1,
title="Breaking the chain: Confronting issueless college town disturbances and riots",
journal="Journal of criminal justice",
year="2005",
author="Ruddell, R. and Thomas, Matthew O. and Way, Lori Beth",
volume="33",
number="6",
pages="549-560",
abstract="Law enforcement agencies and institutions of higher education have confronted increasing numbers of violent and destructive campus riots and disturbances over the past decade. Problematic is the fact that these riots typically have no underlying cause, other than students' quest for excitement. Responding to gaps in the empirical literature about these events, this study used data from two waves of surveys to systematically examine those involved in a recurring problem event in a college town that was subject to a police crackdown. The analyses drew on survey responses from over eight hundred event participants in 2002 and 2003, and the results revealed that increased enforcement had a significant effect on crowd composition, including the gender and race of participants, repeat visitors, out-of-town participants, and perceptions about the subjects' overall experience. Implications for law enforcement and community strategies to decrease the size and destructiveness of such problem events are outlined.<p />",
language="",
issn="0047-2352",
doi="10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.004"
}