@article{ref1,
title=""Drop the clipboard and help me!": The determinants of observer behavior in police encounters with suspects",
journal="Journal of criminal justice",
year="2006",
author="Spano, Richard and Reisig, M. D.",
volume="34",
number="6",
pages="619-629",
abstract="Much of the knowledge about police behavior on the streets is based on observational research. Little research, however, had examined the impact of reactivity in police observational data. One theme in the field research literature was that observer behavior could act as a source of bias in observational data. This article uses data from a large-scale observational study of police to predict this form of reactivity during encounters with suspects. In other words,<p />",
language="",
issn="0047-2352",
doi="10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.09.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.09.015"
}