@article{ref1,
title="SWAT and non-SWAT police officers and the use of force",
journal="Journal of criminal justice",
year="2003",
author="Williams, Jimmy J. and Westall, David",
volume="31",
number="5",
pages="469-474",
abstract="Although many police departments use Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams, surprisingly there is very little research on them. This study examined the use of force by SWAT and non-SWAT police officers. SWAT officers may be socialized to use force as a result of the dangerous situations they frequently encounter, and thus more likely to use force in non-SWAT situations. The results of this research note, however, indicated there was a statistical nonsignificant relationship between SWAT status and the use of force. Implications of the findings of this study are discussed.<p />",
language="",
issn="0047-2352",
doi="10.1016/S0047-2352(03)00051-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(03)00051-5"
}