@article{ref1,
title="Effective use of deterrence approaches to reduce alcohol-impaired driving",
journal="Transportation research circular",
year="1999",
author="Williams, Angela",
volume="",
number="487",
pages="15-17",
abstract="In combating impaired driving through deterrence approaches in an era of diminished resources and shifting priorities, it is important to use available resources wisely and to take advantage of emerging priorities in other highway safety areas. Three examples of emerging priorities that can impact alcohol-impaired driving are discussed: the trend to graduated licensing systems; the new emphasis on seat belt use; and the recent emphasis on fatigued drivers. In terms of using resources wisely, major resources should be devoted to alcohol as the drug of primary interest and there should be emphasis on approaches known to be effective. License suspension stands out as an effective penalty, with suspension through administrative procedures representing the most efficient way to apply this penalty. Sobriety checkpoints stand out as a primary enforcement technique. Finally, better understanding of police attitudes and motivations should inform the effort to achieve greater deterrence through alcohol laws and penalties. There is much we could learn and benefit from in regard to the factors influencing police enforcement practices.<p />",
language="",
issn="0097-8515",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}