@article{ref1,
title="Mechanics of flight in ski jumping: aerodynamic stability in pitch",
journal="Sports Technology",
year="2009",
author="Marqués-Bruna, P and Grimshaw, Paul",
volume="2",
number="1-2",
pages="24-31",
abstract="This study examines aerodynamic stability in pitch in ski jumping. Static stability implies automatic return to trimmed flight after a sudden disturbance and dynamic stability involves gradual damping of oscillatory motion. Both have implications for flight control and safety. A 3-D inertia model of a ski jumper and the Planica K185 jumping hill profile were constructed using computer-aided design. Inertia, jump performance, and aerodynamic efficiency and stability parameters were computed for variations in V-style posture using mathematical modeling. Pitching moment at a 0° angle of attack was positive, and the condition dM/dalpha<0 at equilibrium was satisfied, indicating that the athlete is inherently stable. Enhanced flight posture consists of a ski-opening angle of 30° and a forward-leaning angle of 10°. This is a high-lift configuration with a large static margin that triggers a steep dM/dalpha slope and high oscillatory frequency upon deviations from trimmed attitude. Mechanisms of stability in pitch are proposed, founded upon theoretical aerodynamics. © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd<p />",
language="",
issn="1934-6182",
doi="10.1002/jst.84",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jst.84"
}