@article{ref1,
title="A constitutive law for sea ice and some applications",
journal="Mathematical modelling",
year="1987",
author="Hkkinen, S",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="81-90",
abstract="A constitutive law for sea ice is constructed taking into account empirical facts of ice motion. The Reiner-Rivlin theory is used as a frame for the formulation, in which the isotropic stress and shear viscosity depends on the ice concentration and thickness. The latter depends also on the strain rate invariants. It is shown that winds normal to the shore can enhance the along-shore velocity component, which has a direction to the right of the wind due to the Coriolis force. This enhancement is mainly a result of the balance between the stresses, which is a nongeostrophic balance. Only after adding a small along-shore wind blowing to the left, can the geostrophic leftward along-shore jet be recovered. It is concluded that the wind direction is crucial for the direction of the along-shore ice velocity near the shore in this viscous sea-ice formulation.<p />",
language="",
issn="0270-0255",
doi="10.1016/0270-0255(87)90516-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0270-0255(87)90516-1"
}