@article{ref1,
title="Reactivation of posttraumatic stress in male disaster survivors: The role of residual symptoms",
journal="Journal of anxiety disorders",
year="2010",
author="Boe, Hans Jakob and Holgersen, Katrine Hoyer and Holen, Are",
volume="24",
number="4",
pages="397-402",
abstract="The aim of this study was to establish the relative distribution of resilient, remitted, chronic and reactivated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a population of survivors from a major civilian disaster. Residual PTSD symptoms were explored to identify predictors of future reactivation. Symptoms were measured by the Impact of Event Scale (IES) 5.5 months, 14 months and 5 years after the disaster. Forty-eight survivors (79%) were interviewed after 27 years. PTSD status was determined by using the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I Disorders (SCID-I). The distributions were: 58.3% resilient, 14.6% remitted, 8.3% chronic, and 18.8% reactivated PTSD. Number of residual symptoms from intrusion and avoidance 14 months and 5 years past trauma predicted later reactivation. Intrusion symptoms in general, and sleep related intrusions in particular, were the most consistent predictors deserving special attention.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6185",
doi="10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.003"
}