@article{ref1,
title="The dynamics of alcohol and marijuana initiation: patterns and predictors of first use in adolescence",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2000",
author="Kosterman, Rick and Hawkins, J. David and Guo, Jing and Catalano, Richard F. and Abbott, Robert D.",
volume="90",
number="3",
pages="360-366",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This study, guided by the social development model, examined the dynamic patterns and predictors of alcohol and marijuana use onset. METHODS: Survival analysis and complementary log-log regression were used to model hazard rates and etiology of initiation with time-varying covariates. The sample was derived from a longitudinal study of 808 youth interviewed annually from 10 to 16 years of age and at 18 years of age. RESULTS: Alcohol initiation rose steeply up to the age of 13 years and then increased more gradually; most participants had initiated by 13 years of age. Marijuana initiation showed a different pattern, with more participants initiating after the age of 13 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that: (1) the risk of initiation spans the entire course of adolescent development; (2) young people exposed to others who use substances are at higher risk for early initiation; (3) proactive parents can help delay initiation; and (4) clear family standards and proactive family management are important in delaying alcohol and marijuana use, regardless of how closely bonded a child is to his or her mother.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}