@article{ref1,
title="Classification of Alcohol Abuse by Plasma Protein Biomarkers",
journal="Biological psychiatry",
year="2010",
author="Freeman, Willard M. and Salzberg, Anna C. and Gonzales, Steven W. and Grant, Kathleen A. and Vrana, Kent E.",
volume="68",
number="3",
pages="219-222",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Biochemical diagnostics of ethanol intake would improve alcohol abuse treatment and have applications in clinical trial and public safety settings. Self-reporting of alcohol use has clinical utility but lacks the desired reliability. Previously, proposed single-analyte biochemical tests of alcohol intake suffer from low sensitivity and specificity or examine only acute drinking and have therefore seen limited clinical use. METHODS: To address this unmet need, plasma protein biomarker discovery and validation were performed with an alcohol self-administering nonhuman primate model system to develop a diagnostic that accurately classifies subjects into nondrinking, nonabusive drinking, and abusive drinking categories. RESULTS: A 17-plasma protein panel was determined that correctly classifies abusive drinking with 100% sensitivity and also differentiates any level of drinking from alcohol abstinence with 88% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The biomarker panel reflects changes in multiple organ systems and suggests robust changes in the plasma proteome with drinking that might serve as a sensitive and specific diagnostic test. The specific plasma proteins altered with alcohol self-administration might represent indicators of alcohol-induced stress on a variety of organ systems.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0006-3223",
doi="10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.028"
}