@article{ref1,
title="WC19: A wheelchair transportation safety standard--Experience to date and future directions",
journal="Medical engineering and physics",
year="2010",
author="Manary, Miriam A. and Ritchie, Nichole L. and Schneider, Lawrence W.",
volume="32",
number="3",
pages="263-271",
abstract="ANSI/RESNA WC19 (i.e., WC19) is a voluntary standard that specifies design and performance requirements for wheelchairs that are suitable for use as seats in motor vehicles. The guiding principles for the standard originate from automotive crash-protection principles that are effective in reducing occupant injuries and fatalities. In addition to frontal-impact testing of wheelchairs, the standard includes tests for securement-point accessibility, tiedown-strap clear paths, lateral stability, and accommodation of vehicle-anchored belt restraints. Results from testing wheelchairs to WC19 reveal that the most common wheelchair problems include: a lack of structural integrity during frontal-impact loading; sharp rigid edges; and wheelchair structures that interfere with achieving proper positioning of vehicle-anchored belt restraints. Data from 8 years of experience with WC19 indicate where changes are needed to further improve transportation safety for wheelchair-seated travelers. These include expanding WC19 to include wheelchairs for smaller children who require a five-point harness restraint, and requiring wheelchairs to achieve a minimal rating for the ease of achieving proper positioning of vehicle-anchored belt restraints.<p />",
language="",
issn="1350-4533",
doi="10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.08.012",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.08.012"
}