@article{ref1,
title="Neuropsychological dysfunction following repeat concussions in jockeys",
journal="Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry",
year="2006",
author="Wall, S. E. and Williams, W. Huw and Cartwright-Hatton, S and Kelly, T. P. and Murray, J. and Murray, M. and Owen, A. and Turner, Moriah",
volume="77",
number="4",
pages="518-520",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Single and repeat concussions have a high prevalence in sport. However, there is limited research into longterm risks associated with single and repeat concussions. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of single and repeat historical concussions on the neuropsychological functioning and neurological reports of licensed jockeys. METHODS: Six hundred and ninety eight licensed jockeys in the UK were assessed for neurological and neuropsychological symptoms of concussion at least three months after potential episodes. RESULTS: Jockeys reporting multiple historical injuries versus a single injury showed reliable decrements on a measure of response inhibition and, to a less robust degree, on divided attention. Younger adults showed greater vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated concussion is associated with reliable decrements in cognitive performance--even after a three month window for recent recovery.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3050",
doi="10.1136/jnnp.2004.061044",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.061044"
}