@article{ref1,
title="Female veterans of the OEF/OIF conflict: Concordance of PTSD symptoms and substance misuse",
journal="Addictive behaviors",
year="2010",
author="Nunnink, Sarah E. and Goldwaser, Gali and Heppner, Pia S. and Pittman, James O. E. and Nievergelt, Caroline M. and Baker, Dewleen G.",
volume="35",
number="7",
pages="655-659",
abstract="<p>This study examined the post-deployment rates of comorbid PTSD and substance abuse in a cohort of female veterans who served in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF). Female OEF/OIF veterans and reservists (N=36) completed a battery of assessments as part of a larger study. Of the 36 participants, 11 (31%) screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 17 (47%) screened positive for high-risk drinking and 2 (6%) screened positive for drug abuse. Higher scores on measures of alcohol and drug use predicted positive PTSD status (p</=0.01) and alcohol misuse was significant in explaining unique variance of PTSD status (p</=0.05). Our findings suggest a trend toward increased problematic drinking among female OEF/OIF veterans and reservists and a relationship between substance misuse and PTSD. Future research should investigate needs for gender-specific PTSD and substance-abuse treatment needs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-4603",
doi="10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.006",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.006"
}