@article{ref1,
title="Individual Competition and the Emergence of Density-Dependent Exposure to Predation: How Behaviors Influence Population Processes",
journal="Adaptive behavior",
year="2010",
author="Hsuan Lammers, J. and Warburton, Kevin and Cribb, Bronwen W.",
volume="18",
number="2",
pages="171-183",
abstract="Resource competition acts at both the individual and the population levels. Stable dynamics result in a persistent system whereas unstable dynamics can result in extinction. This study explores how localized competition between individuals, over spatially distributed resources, influences exposure to predation. Using data from real-world experiments to inform a simulation, individual behaviors are linked to density-dependent population processes. The prominent emergent property is density-dependent exposure to predation. Depending on the population size and the availability of refugia, different aspects of the competitive behaviors drive the density-dependent effect. The results of the model provide a conceptual base for how specific interactions between individuals can bring about emergent population level processes.<p />",
language="",
issn="1059-7123",
doi="10.1177/1059712310361791",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712310361791"
}