@article{ref1,
title="Dual-task performances can be improved in patients with dementia. A randomized controlled trial",
journal="Neurology",
year="2010",
author="Schwenk, Michael and Zieschang, Tania and Oster, P. and Hauer, Klaus",
volume="74",
number="24",
pages="1961-1968",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Deficits in attention-related cognitive performance measured as dual-task performance represent early markers of dementia and are associated with motor deficits and increased risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a specific dual-task training in patients with mild to moderate dementia. METHODS: Sixty-one geriatric patients with confirmed dementia took part in a 12-week randomized, controlled trial. Subjects in the intervention group (IG) underwent dual-task-based exercise training. The control group (CG) performed unspecific low-intensity exercise. Motor performance (gait speed, cadence, stride length, stride time, single support) and cognitive performance (serial 2 forward calculation [S2], serial 3 backward calculation [S3]) were examined as single and dual tasks. Decrease in performance during dual tasks compared to single task expressed as motor, cognitive, and combined motor/cognitive dual-task cost (DTC) was calculated before and after intervention. Primary outcome was defined as DTC for gait speed under complex S3 conditions. RESULTS: Specific training significantly improved dual-task performance under complex S3 conditions compared to the CG (reduction of DTC: gait speed 21.7% IG, 2.6% CG, p < 0.001; other gait variables: 8.7% to 41.1% IG, -0.9% to 8.1% CG, p </= 0.001 to 0.056; combined motor/cognitive: 20.6% IG, 2.2% CG, p = 0.026). No significant effects were found under less challenging dual-task S2 conditions or for cognitive dual-task S3 performance. CONCLUSIONS: The specific exercise program was effective to improve dual-task performance in patients with dementia. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that specific dual-task training improves dual-task performance during walking under complex S3 conditions in geriatric patients with mild to moderate dementia.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0028-3878",
doi="10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e39696",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e39696"
}