@article{ref1,
title="Co-occurrence of Victimization from Five Subtypes of Bullying: Physical, Verbal, Social Exclusion, Spreading Rumors, and Cyber",
journal="Journal of pediatric psychology",
year="2010",
author="Wang, Jiangping and Iannotti, R. J. and Luk, Jeremy W. and Nansel, Tonja R.",
volume="35",
number="10",
pages="1103-1112",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine co-occurrence of five subtypes of peer victimization. METHODS: Data were obtained from a national sample of 7,475 US adolescents in grades 6 through 10 in the 2005/2006 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study. Latent class analyses (LCA) were conducted on victimization by physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber bullying. RESULTS: Three latent classes were identified, including an all-types victims class (9.7% of males and 6.2% of females), a verbal/relational victims class (28.1% of males and 35.1% of females), and a nonvictim class (62.2% of males and 58.7% of females). Males were more likely to be all-type victims. There was a graded relationship between the three latent classes and level of depression, frequency of medically attended injuries, and medicine use, especially among females. CONCLUSIONS: Increased co-occurrence of victimization types put adolescents at greater risks for poorer physical and psychological outcomes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-8693",
doi="10.1093/jpepsy/jsq048",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsq048"
}