@article{ref1,
title="A kinesin signaling complex mediates the ability of GSK-3{beta} to affect mood-associated behaviors",
journal="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
year="2010",
author="Du, Jing and Wei, Y. and Liu, Lei and Wang, Yanfu and Khairova, Rushaniya and Blumenthal, Rayah and Tragon, Tyson and Hunsberger, Joshua G. and Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo and Drevets, Wayne and Wang, Yu Tian and Manji, Husseini K.",
volume="107",
number="25",
pages="11573-11578",
abstract="Lithium has been the gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD) for 60 y. Like lithium, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors display both antimanic-like and antidepressant-like effects in some animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms of both lithium and GSK-3 inhibitors remain unclear. Here we show that the GSK-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 regulated alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA)-induced GluR1 and GluR2 internalization via phosphorylation of kinesin light chain 2 (KLC2), the key molecule of the kinesin cargo delivery system. Specifically, AMPA stimulation triggered serine phosphorylation of KLC2 and, subsequently, the dissociation of the GluR1/KLC2 protein complex. This suggests that GSK-3 phosphorylation of KLC2 led to the dissociation of AMPA-containing vesicles from the kinesin cargo system. The peptide TAT-KLCpCDK, a specific inhibitor for KLC2 phosphorylation by GSK-3beta, reduced the formation of long-term depression. Furthermore, the TAT-KLCpCDK peptide showed antimanic-like effects similar to lithium's on amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, a frequently used animal model of mania. It also induced antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, two commonly used animal models of depression. Taken together, the results demonstrated that KLC2 is a cellular target of GSK-3beta capable of regulating synaptic plasticity, particularly AMPA receptor trafficking, as well as mood-associated behaviors in animal models. The kinesin cargo system may provide valuable novel targets for the development of new therapeutics for mood disorders.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0027-8424",
doi="10.1073/pnas.0913138107",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913138107"
}