@article{ref1,
title="Differentiation between bruises and putrefactive discolorations of the skin by immunological analysis of glycophorin A",
journal="Forensic science international",
year="1993",
author="Kibayashi, K. and Hamada, Kunihiro and Honjyo, K. and Tsunenari, S.",
volume="61",
number="2-3",
pages="111-117",
abstract="In a differential study to distinguish bruises from putrefactive discoloration, glycophorin A, a component of the erythrocyte membrane, was extracted from discolored skins and detected by immunological methods utilizing an anti-glycophorin A serum. Skin samples of 18 bruises, 8 postmortem hypostasises and 7 putrefactive discolorations were removed from 27 bodies in which postmortem intervals ranged from 4 h to 2.5 months. In 13 out of the 18 bruises (72.2%), glycophorin A was detected by the immunological methods. It was noted that glycophorin A was detectable even in a severely putrefied body 10 days after death. In contrast, no glycophorin A was detected in any of the postmortem lividities or the putrefactive discolorations. These results suggest that the absence of glycophorin A does not always indicate a skin discoloration of postmortem origin, but a positive glycophorin A reaction does indicate a skin discoloration due to bruise.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0379-0738",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}