@article{ref1,
title="Retinal haemorrhage in abusive head trauma",
journal="Clinical and experimental ophthalmology",
year="2010",
author="Morad, Yair and Wygnansky-Jaffe, Tamara and Levin, Alex V.",
volume="38",
number="5",
pages="514-520",
abstract="Paediatric abusive head injury may have grave consequences, especially when characterized by repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces (shaken baby syndrome). Death occurs in approximately 30% and permanent neurologic damage in up to 80% of the victims. Retinal haemorrhages are a cardinal sign seen in approximately 85% of cases. In most cases haemorrhages are preretinal, intraretinal and subretinal, too numerous to count, and involving the entire retinal surface extending to the ora serrata. Traumatic macular retinoschisis is a lesion with important diagnostic significance. Vitreoretinal traction appears to be the mechanism of haemorrhage and schisis formation along with a possible role of orbital tissue trauma from repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces. Ophthalmologists must carefully document ocular findings. Appropriate autopsy examination should include ocular and orbital tissue removal. Although there is a wide differential diagnosis for retinal haemorrhages, clinical appearance, when considered in the context of systemic and laboratory findings, usually leads to the correct diagnosis.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1442-6404",
doi="10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02291.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02291.x"
}