@article{ref1,
title="Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorder",
journal="European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience",
year="1994",
author="Bronisch, Thomas and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich",
volume="244",
number="2",
pages="93-98",
abstract="The effect of comorbidity on rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts from an adult general population of former West Germany is investigated. The assessment instrument is a modified German version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), a fully standardized interview for the assessment of selected DSM-III lifetime diagnoses as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Of the general population 4.1% (2.2% male and 4.1% female) made suicide attempts during their lifetime. Only 2 of 18 people who attempted suicide did not meet criteria for a DSM-III-R diagnosis. Cases with pure major depression did not have an odds ratio for suicide attempts significantly higher than subjects with no DSM-III diagnosis. However, cases with both a major depression and a lifetime-anxiety-disorder diagnosis showed significantly elevated odds ratios. Therefore, it is suggested that comorbidity of anxiety and depression, and not depression itself, seems to be a risk factor for suicide attempts.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0940-1334",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}