@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic injury induces interleukin-6 production by human astrocytes",
journal="Brain research",
year="1994",
author="Hariri, R. J. and Chang, V. A. and Barie, P. S. and Wang, R. S. and Sharif, S. F. and Ghajar, J. B.",
volume="636",
number="1",
pages="139-142",
abstract="The brain is being evaluated as a de novo source of cytokines. Because recent evidence indicates that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may influence blood-brain barrier function and vascular permeability, we have sought to determine whether mechanical injury can directly induce in situ cerebral IL-6 production. Adult human astrocyte cultures were subjected to mechanical injury by the in vitro method of fluid percussion barotrauma, developed in our laboratory. Serial supernatant samples were collected for 8 h and evaluated for IL-6 activity using a proliferation assay employing the dependent B cell hybridoma cell line, B9. At optimum injury, the IL-6 level became significantly (P < 0.0001, analysis of variance) elevated from baseline 2 h after trauma and continued to increase over the observation period. Our study shows that following mechanical injury human astrocytes produce IL-6, which may contribute to post-traumatic cerebrovascular dysfunction. Elucidating the precise role of intracerebral cytokines is essential to our understanding of the mechanism responsible for post-traumatic cerebrovascular dysfunction.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0006-8993",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}