@article{ref1,
title="Blackout 2003: preparedness and lessons learned from the perspectives of four hospitals",
journal="Prehospital and disaster medicine",
year="2005",
author="Klein, Kelly R. and Rosenthal, Marjorie S. and Klausner, Howard A.",
volume="20",
number="5",
pages="343-349",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The blackout in North America of August 2003 was one of the worst on record. It affected eight US states and parts of Canada for >24 hours. Additionally, two large US cities, Detroit, Michigan and Cleveland, Ohio, suffered from a loss of water pressure and a subsequent ban on the use of public supplies of potable water that lasted four days. A literature review revealed a paucity of literature that describes blackouts and how they may affect the medical community. METHODS: This paper includes a review of after-action reports from four inner-city, urban hospitals supplemented accounts from the authors' hospital's emergency operations center (EOC). RESULTS: Some of the problems encountered, included: (1)lighting; (2) elevator operations; (3) supplies of water; (4) communication operations; (5) computer failure; (6) lack of adequate supplies of food; (7) mobility to obtain X-ray studies; (8) heating, air condition, and ventilation; (9) staffing; (10) pharmacy; (11) registration of patients; (12) hospital EOC; (13) loss of isolation facilities; (14) inadequate supplies of paper; (15) impaired ability to provide care for non-emergency patients; (16) sanitation; and (17) inadequate emergency power. DISCUSSION: The blackout of 2003 uncovered problems within the US hospital system, ranging from staffing to generator coverage. This report is a review of the effects that the blackout and water ban of 2003 had on hospitals in a large inner-city area. Also discussed are solutions utilized at the time and recommendations for the future. CONCLUSION: The blackout of 2003 was an excellent test of disaster/emergency planning, and produced many valuable lessons to be used in future events.",
language="",
issn="1049-023X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}