@article{ref1,
title="Backseat safety belt use and crash outcome",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2005",
author="Zhu, Motao and Hardman, Susan B. and Cook, Lawrence J.",
volume="36",
number="5",
pages="505-507",
abstract="Low back seat safety belt use has been observed nationally in the United States, but the risk factors for non-use and the effects of non-use on crash outcomes are not well known.   <p>This study examined two 2002 New York State public databases: police crash reports and hospital discharge data. Probabilistic linkage applies Bayesian statistical methods to link databases; observed agreements and disagreements of common fields are used to determine the probability of a match. For this study, selected match fields were date and hour of crash, geographic location, gender, age, birthday, name, injury status, crash type, and occupant type.</p>  <p>We built a logistic regression model to impute missing values on safety belt use and adjust potentially misclassified values. The backseat occupant safety belt use was adjusted from the recorded 69% to 35% in New York State in 2002. Driver's alcohol involvement, male gender, and nighttime crashes were associated with non-use of safety belts by adult backseat occupants. Non-use of safety belts by backseat passengers was related to higher rates in hospitalization, traumatic brain injury, and vertebral cord injury.</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2005.10.014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.10.014"
}