@article{ref1,
title="Fractures of the first rib in child abuse",
journal="Radiology",
year="1995",
author="Strouse, P. J. and Owings, C. L.",
volume="197",
number="3",
pages="763-765",
abstract="PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and specificity of fracture of the first rib as an indicator of child abuse and to determine a mechanism of fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All infants and young children with rib fractures who were seen at the radiology department of an academic medical center over a 2-year period were identified from the radiology data base. RESULTS: Rib fractures were attributed to child abuse in 12 of 35 children identified. Apart from a neonate with congenital osteogenesis imperfecta, only three children, all abused, had first-rib fracture, one bilaterally. Two additional children with first-rib fracture were identified from years prior to the study period. In four children, first-rib fractures were &quot;isolated,&quot; without fractures of adjacent bones. CONCLUSION: Child abuse should be considered in cases of pediatric rib fracture, particularly fracture of the first rib. Possible mechanisms for first-rib fracture include impact force, compressive force, and shaking or acute axial load (slamming), which cause an indirect fracture.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-8419",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}