@article{ref1,
title="Development and risk behavior among African American, Caucasian, and mixed-race adolescents living in high poverty inner-city neighborhoods",
journal="American journal of community psychology",
year="2007",
author="Bolland, John M. and Bryant, Chalandra M. and Lian, Bradley E. and McCallum, Debra M. and Vazsonyi, Alexander T. and Barth, Joan M.",
volume="40",
number="3-4",
pages="230-249",
abstract="Youths growing up in low-income inner-city neighborhoods are at substantial risk for initiating substance use, violent behavior, and sexual intercourse at early ages; these risk behaviors continue at comparatively high rates through adolescence. Hopelessness has been implicated as a risk factor for these behaviors. In this paper, we consider how race influences this process. African Americans form a demographic minority within the United States, but they are often the majority within inner-city neighborhoods. For Caucasians, the opposite typically holds. Mixed-race populations form a minority within both contexts. Using longitudinal data, we examine the relationship between race and risk behaviors in several impoverished inner-city neighborhoods where African Americans form the distinct majority and Caucasians and people of mixed racial heritage form a small minority. We also consider how race moderates the relationship between hopelessness and risk behavior. Our findings show that compared to Caucasian or mixed-race adolescents, African American adolescents are less likely to engage in risk behaviors, and that hopelessness has a less important impact on their behaviors.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0562",
doi="10.1007/s10464-007-9132-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9132-1"
}