@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries among High School Cross-Country Runners",
journal="American journal of epidemiology",
year="2005",
author="Rauh, Mitchell J. and Koepsell, Thomas D. and Rivara, Frederick P. and Margherita, Anthony J. and Rice, Stephen G.",
volume="163",
number="2",
pages="151-159",
abstract="To determine the incidence of lower-extremity injury among high school cross-country runners and to identify risk factors for injury, the authors prospectively monitored a cohort of 421 runners competing on 23 cross-country teams in 12 Seattle, Washington, high schools during the 1996 cross-country season. Collected were daily injury and athletic exposure (AE) reports, a baseline questionnaire on prior running and injury experience, anthropometric measurements, and coaches' training logs. The overall incidence rate of injury was 17.0/1,000 AEs. Girls had a significantly higher overall injury rate (19.6/1,000 AEs) than boys did (15.0/1,000 AEs) (incidence rate ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.6). Compared with boys, girls had significantly higher rates of injuries resulting in &gt;/=15 days of disability. For the overall sample and for girls, Cox regression revealed that a quadriceps angle of &gt;/=20 degrees and an injury during summer running prior to the season were the most important predictors of injury. For boys, a quadriceps angle of &gt;/=15 degrees and a history of multiple running injuries were most associated with injury. Results suggest that the incidence of lower-extremity injuries is high for cross-country runners, especially girls. Preseason screening to determine risk factors should be examined as a preventive approach for identifying high-risk runners.   <p> </p>",
language="",
issn="0002-9262",
doi="10.1093/aje/kwj022",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj022"
}