@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for anxiety and depression: Results from the longitudinal follow-up of the National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2005",
author="Haynes, Jonathan C. and Farrell, M. and Singleton, Nicola and Meltzer, Howard and Araya, Ricardo and Lewis, Glyn and Wiles, Nicola J.",
volume="187",
number="",
pages="544-551",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies have been in conclusive in identifying alcohol as a risk factor for anxiety and depression. AIMS: To examine whether excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for anxiety and depression in the general population, and whether anxiety and depression are risk factors for excessive alcohol consumption. METHOD: Data were analysed from the 18-month follow-up of the Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households, 2000 survey. RESULTS: Hazardous and dependent drinking were not associated with onset of anxiety and depression at follow-up. Binge-drinking was non-significantly associated with incident anxiety and depression (adjusted OR=1.36, 95% CI 0.74-2.50). Abstainers were less likely to have new-onset anxiety and depression at follow-up. Anxiety and depression or sub-threshold symptoms at baseline were not associated with incident hazardous or binge-drinking at follow-up, but there was weak evidence linking sub-threshold symptoms with onset of alcohol dependence (adjusted OR=2.04, 95% CI 0.84-4.97). CONCLUSIONS: Excessive alcohol consumption was not associated with the onset of anxiety and depression but abstinence was associated with a lower risk. Sub-threshold symptoms were weakly associated with new-onset alcohol dependence.",
language="",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.187.6.544",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.6.544"
}