@article{ref1,
title="Household Cleaning Product-Related Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments in 1990-2006",
journal="Pediatrics",
year="2010",
author="McKenzie, Lara Beth and Ahir, Nisha and Stolz, Uwe and Nelson, Nicolas G.",
volume="126",
number="3",
pages="509-516",
abstract="Objective: The goal was to examine comprehensively the patterns and trends of household cleaning product-related injuries among children treated in US emergency departments. Methods: Through use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of unintentional, nonfatal, household cleaning product-related injuries were selected by using product codes for drain cleaners, ammonia, metal polishes/tarnish removers, turpentine, dishwasher detergents, acids, swimming pool chemicals, oven cleaners, pine oil cleaners/disinfectants, laundry soaps/detergents, toilet bowl products, abrasive cleaners, general-purpose household cleaners, noncosmetic bleaches, windshield wiper fluids, caustic agents, lye, wallpaper cleaners, room deodorizers/fresheners, spot removers, and dishwashing liquids. Products were categorized according to major toxic ingredients, mode of action, and exposure. Results: An estimated 267 269 children </=5 years of age were treated in US emergency departments for household cleaning product-related injuries. The number of injuries attributable to household cleaning product exposure decreased 46.0% from 22 141 in 1990 to 11 964 in 2006. The product most-commonly associated with injury was bleach (37.1%). Children 1 to 3 years of age accounted for 72.0% of cases. The primary mechanism of injury was ingestion (62.7%). The most common source or container was spray-bottles (40.1%). Although rates of household cleaner-related injuries from regular bottles or original containers and kitchenware decreased during the study period, spray-bottle injury rates showed no decrease. Conclusion: Although national rates of household cleaning product-related injuries in children decreased significantly over time, the number of injuries remains high.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-4005",
doi="10.1542/peds.2009-3392",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-3392"
}