@article{ref1,
title="Circadian Rhythm Phase Advance with Dawn Simulation Treatment for Winter Depression",
journal="Journal of biological rhythms",
year="2010",
author="Terman, Michael and Jiuan Su Terman, ",
volume="25",
number="4",
pages="297-301",
abstract="A naturalistic pattern of dawn simulation (93 min, 0.001-250 lux) delivered to sleeping patients with winter depression has clinical efficacy similar to postawakening bright light therapy. The authors tested the circadian phase-shifting capacity of the dawn signal in a placebo-controlled, randomized 3-week field trial using 4 photic or nonphotic comparators: 30-min, 10,000-lux bright light therapy; a 13-min, 250-lux light pulse at the end of sleep; and high- and low-density negative air ionization timed to match the dawn. Bright light and dawn treatments both produced average phase advances of ~30 min, while the pulse and ion exposure had minimal effect. The authors conclude that very dim, incremental levels of light at the end of the night, with a dominant red component through eyelid filtering, facilitate circadian rhythm phase advances, possibly in conjunction with room light after awakening.<p />",
language="",
issn="0748-7304",
doi="10.1177/0748730410374000",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730410374000"
}