@article{ref1,
title="Routing Hazardous Materials around the District of Columbia Area",
journal="Journal of transportation safety and security",
year="2009",
author="Chin, SM and Hwang, Ho-Ling and Peterson, Bruce and Han, Lee and Chin, C.",
volume="1",
number="4",
pages="296-313",
abstract="The recent hazardous material (hazmat) shipment ban in Washington, D.C., has led to debates, legal challenges, and considerations by other major cities to pursue similar actions. This article presents a methodology for evaluating hazmat shipment routing options on railroad networks under situations such as the shipment ban. A case study involving three alternatives is presented. Population and other vulnerable people within a 0.8 km (or 0.5 mile) radius buffer zone along the rail line are used to evaluate the potential risk associated with ultra-hazardous material (i.e., explosives, flammable gasses, poisonous gasses, and poisonous materials) shipments. Based on this study, it is concluded that moderate increases in ton-km, and subsequently time in transit, will be a result from the rerouting. On the other hand, the overall population at risk will see a reduction. The population-at-risk burden, however, is simply shifted from one location to other locations. This article also identifies areas for potential follow-up efforts.  Keywords: hazardous materials (hazmat); railroad; transportation security; freight movement; terrorism; routing; transportation cost<p />",
language="",
issn="1943-9962",
doi="10.1080/19439960903412571",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439960903412571"
}